Black Panther
Written & directed by Ryan Coogler
starring Chadwick Boseman, Michael B Jordan & Lupita Nyong'o
Based on the comic by Stan Lee & Jack Kirby
In cinemas
Marvel's best movie is here, and it’s Black and proud.
It’s not worried about alienating your racist white uncle. Black Panther is an unrepentant anthem to how much better the world is when Black people show up as themselves.
When the Queen Ramonda (Angela Bassett) of the fictional African nation Wakanada yells, “Show him who you really are!” in an early fight, she is speaking the central theme of the movie.
Black Panther is being embraced by critics as a triumph and the Marvel Cinematic Universe’s first real masterpiece. After years of people complaining about the marginal place of Black heroes in that universe, Marvel has gone from zero to 60.
Other Black heroes would have been safe bets for stand-alone movies, but Black Panther was born in controversy. Created in 1966 by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, the character was a direct response to the civil rights movement and introduced an African character who was clearly equal — or superior — to his teammates on the Avengers.
(By coincidence, the famous African American revolutionary group, the Black Panther Party was formed in Oakland just months later. Krystal Kara noted that, Marvel responded by briefly changed the title to Black Leopard. But it was changed back after a year in a sign its readership were increasingly supportive of anti-racist struggles.)
Despite a racist backlash, Marvel gave the character his own title in 1973. When it came to make the movie, Marvel Studios doubled down by hiring Ryan Coogler to write and direct Black Panther. Coogler wrote and directed Fruitvale Station about the last day of African American man Oscar Grant, who was killed by police.
Wakanda
Unlike other superheroes, Black Panther (Chadwick Boseman) doesn’t have a secret identity — at least not when he’s at home in Wakanda, the fictional nation where he is King T’Challa. Instead, the entire country has a secret identity, as a poverty-stricken nation of farmers and herders.
The nation is a three-dimensional thought experiment on what a self-sufficient African nation, untrammelled by imperialism, would be like. Technology is available to, but not impressed upon, Wakanda’s citizens. This is thanks to the presence of vibranium, a near magical metal only found in their mountains.
Most Wakandans continue to live as their ancestors did, embedded in ancient traditions and in harmony with the land. But their beaded bracelets are also holographic projectors —the Marvel Universe’s answer to combined and uneven development.
It’s not just that almost everyone on screen is Black (and geniuses), but Black Panther is an explicitly anti-racist movie. That Wakandans abroad must pass as less than they are is an unsubtle mirror to the daily reality of racist societies.
The movie takes aim at racist perceptions about Africans: cannibals, backward farmers and savages who “don’t deserve” the resources on their continent. The history of the CIA in Africa is a one-word joke at the expense of the only sympathetic white character.
In Black Panther, the United States isn’t the home of the Avengers, it’s the land of Black mass incarceration, poverty and suffering. More than just showing Black audiences a hero who looks like them, Black Panther also grapples with their experiences.
The cast have all brought their A game. As the title character, Boseman has gravitas and warmth.
Exceptional women
The usual recipe of the one exceptional woman in a world of men is inverted — T’Challa is a man in a world of exceptional women.
There’s Okoye (Danai Gurira), head of the elite royal bodyguard, the Dora Milaje, who mutters “Guns, so primitive” before defeating a moving SUV with a spear; super scientist/sister to the king Shuri (Letitia Wright), who designs and drives remote control Lexuses; and Nakia (Lupita Nyong’o), a spy for Wakanda and recent ex of T’Challa, who isn’t afraid to argue with kings and generals.
And these women collaborate: socially, politically and when necessary militarily.
Embodying the essence of Western corruption, violence and greed is Ulysses Klaue (Andy Serkis), an arms dealer who has stolen vibranium. Famous for his performance off screen as CGI villains and monsters (Gollum, King Kong, Snoke), Serkis puts his often-ridiculous face to good use wreaking mayhem in the streets of Busan.
T’Challa isn’t troubled by his powers or his responsibilities to his people, having been raised to succeed his father as Black Panther. His struggle with the superhero cliche “with great power comes great responsibility” is about Wakanda’s responsibility to the rest of the world, particularly people of African heritage.
Nakia is the voice for opening up Wakanda and sharing its resources, despite the risks this poses to their peaceful society. For Black people, whose success always feels contingent and whose gifts are always under threat of exploitation in a racist world, this is a particularly fraught dynamic.
That quandary comes knocking in the person of Erik Killmonger, played with explosive charisma by Michael B Jordan. Jordan, who played Oscar Grant in Fruitvale Station, is stunning — physically and emotionally.
Impacts of racism
Quite literally scarred by the path he carved to Wakanda to take the throne, he embodies a very American, very Black brand of despair and rage. The contrast between his brutal swagger and T'Challa’s young-Nelson Mandela-cool expresses not only the cultural diversity within the Black diaspora, but the very distinct impacts of racism.
Killmonger brings to life the famous James Baldwin quote, “The victim who can articulate the situation of the victim has ceased to be a victim: he or she has become a threat.”
Killmonger is the prototypical hero in the world of superheroes. Driven by righteous anger, he has made himself into a living weapon to avenge a very personal past wrong. But this is Black Panther, not The Punisher, and this is a movie about racism and revolution, not just personal retribution.
Killmonger is both wholly sympathetic and a stand-in for US foreign policy, a role of no small complexity, but one that Jordan slays.
Killmonger is sure to be the centre of a wave of think pieces on Black Panther, written as he is by Coogler to express the rage of being locked out of a heaven you know exists. In Black Panther, this might mean Wakanda, but it’s also the daily experience of every oppressed person in the world.
Part of the power of Black Panther is how it simultaneously captures our greatest aspirations — for a society free of war and oppression — and our current reality, of a society that drives people to violence under the weight of that oppression.
A list of what Coogler and company manage to bring into play would take many viewings to assemble. Suffice it to say, it spans everything, from how foreign interventions destabilise peaceful tribal relations, to micro-aggressions at the museum, to what a pain in the ass wearing a wig can be.
That the creative team managed to blend the politics and fantasy elements so seamlessly is remarkable. Coogler, a long-time reader of the Black Panther comic book — told Wired: “I wanted to explore what it means to be African. What it means to be African American and what that means in the larger context of colonisation.
“These are things I have been grappling with my whole life, and this was an opportunity to explore them through a film that could be different to anything else I’ve done.”
Cultural breakthroughs
Black Panther comes at a time when the Black Lives Matter movement is struggling to directly challenge racism, but culturally, Black people are “centring” themselves. The artistic and commercial success of last year’s horror film Get Out and now Black Panther — movies a made from a Black perspective of living in a white world — mark an important milestone for mainstream culture.
Black Panther ends the long drought of cinematic Black superheroes who aren’t sidekicks or background team members. Kids watching this movie will have a pop culture landmark that declares it is right to share the gifts of Blackness — as T'Challa says, to “build bridges”, unlike the “fools who build barriers”.
Wakanda forever!
[Abridged from US Socialist Worker.]
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